Google Doodle today celebrates the 135th birth anniversary of Max Born. Born was a German physicist and mathematician who is regarded as a pioneer of quantum mechanics. Without his contributions, the world, as we know it, would not be the same. Quantum mechanics have helped in the advancement of several technologies like personal computers, lasers, and medical imaging devices (MRI) to other game-changing technologies. And Born’s theory now provides the basis for practically all quantum physics predictions. His contributions were recognized in 1954, when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to the field of quantum mechanics. 

Max Born was born on December 11, 1882 to Professor Gustav Born and Margarete. Since childhood, he was an exceptional student. He completed his Ph.D. from Göttingen University and became a professor of theoretical physics. As a Professor, he had collaborated with some of the best minds of that time. However, with the growth of Nazism in Germany, Born was forced to flee Germany for England in 1933. In England, he served as the Tait Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh for nearly two decades until his retirement in 1954 when he returned home to Göttingen.Today’s doodle shows Born pondering over papers and books filled with equations. The physicist is at work, as he scratches his forehead with the symbol of the wave equation known as Psi in physics, while his left hand is placed over his chin. It is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet. The reach of this doodle, created by guest artist Kati Szilagyi, is across countries including Russia, India, Cuba, United States, Columbia, Indonesia, Iceland, Spain, Greece, Germany, Peru, Argentina and Sweden.
Born was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954 for the Born Rule — a quantum theory that uses mathematical probability to predict the location of wave particles in a quantum system. The previous theories had proposed that wave equations were exact measurements, involving cumbersome physical measurement experiments. It was Born who discovered that matrices or “arrays of numbers by rows and columns” could yield a similar result, relying on predictions of probability. This revolutionary theory now provides the basis for practically all quantum physics predictions, notes Google on its blog.

Besides this theory, Born also studied the theory of relativity and worked with physicists Lummer and Pringsheim during 1908-1909. He also stayed in India for a short period of six months to work with Nobel Prize winner, Sir CV Raman. Born has received fellowships from many academies, including Moscow, Berlin, Gottingen, London, Edinburgh, Dublin, Bangalore, Washingtonand Boston.
Google Doodle Honours Max Born: 5 Important Things Students Should Know About The German Physicist, Mathematician
Max Born: Google Doodle Honours German Physicist, Mathematician
NEW DELHI:  German Physicist and Mathematician, Max Born, is much popular and revered when it comes to Quantum Mechanics. Born on this day (11 December) in the year 1882, Max Born has made immense contribution in the field of physics and mathematics. He won the prestigious Nobel Prize in 1954 for his fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function. Google honours the pioneer today with a Doodle portraying Max Born holding 'psi' the symbol for wave function, created by guest artist Kati Szilagyi, to commemorate his 135th birthday.

Born Rule
Otherwise called as Born's Law, was formulated by Max Born states that the probability density of finding the particle at a given point is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the particle's wavefunction at that point. One of the important principles of Quantum Mechanics, Born's law was one of his other works that gave him the Nobel Prize in 1954 along with Walther Bothe.

PhD from University of Gottingen, Research on Special Relativity
Born in Poland (known as Wroclaw, then), Max Born joined the University of Gottingen in 1904. His PhD thesis entitled 'Stability of Elastica in a plane and space' won him the University's Philosophy Faculty Prize. A year later after joining the University, he began his research on special relativity being inspired by Albert Einstein's research paper 'On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies'. He along with Professor Hermann Minkowski began his research on four dimensional space-time. 

Born-Haber Cycle
Max Born along with Fritz Haber (German Chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1918 for the Haber-Bosch Process; a process to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gas) found the Born-Haber Cycle. This is used to calculate the lattice energy; in an exothermic process where an ionic compound is formed from gaseous ions or in an endothermic process where an ionic compound breaks down to gaseous ions; only in case of fully ionic solids.

Born Rigidity
This concept of special relativity was formulated by Max Born in 1909 in his article 'The Theory of Rigid Bodies in the Kinematics of the Relativity Principle'. Based on his research on special relativity which he had begun with Professor Minkowski, Born introduced this concept after the death of the Professor at a meeting of Gottingen Mathematics Society.

Other Contributions
His other contributions in this field are Born Coordinates, Born approximation, Born probability, Born-Infeld theory, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Born-Land6 equation, Born-Huang approximation, Born-von Karman boundary condition, Born equation. 

Much before the Nobel Prize, Max Born had won a number of accolades in the field of Physics and Mathematics. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and Royal Society of London in 1937 and 1939, respectively. In 1972, the German Physical Society and the British Institute of Physics started the Max Born Prize, which is awarded annually. In 1982, University of Gottingen observed the 100th birth year of Max Born and James Franck.

He breathed his last on 5 January 1970 at Gottingen, Germany.